Walling and daubing brick-kilns.



R. o. PENPIELD". WALLING AND DAUBING BRICK KILNS. APPLICATION FILED 113.9, 1911. 4, o

Patented Jan. 16,1912;

25 barrows and placed in the wall individually UNITED situ-rusv nArN i RAYMOND C. PENFIELD, F yNEW YORK, 'N'. Y.

i WALLING AND DAUBING BnIcx-xILNs.

Tocll whom 'it may concern.

Be it known that I, RAYMOND C. PENFIELD, a citizen ofthe United States, and a resident of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Walling and Daubing Brick-Kilns, of which the'following description, in connection with the accompanying draw1ngs, 1s,a specification,

like letters on the drawings representing like parts. v

IIn a customary method of burning bricks, the dried green bricks having been stacked in proper separated relation Jfor burning are incased with a wall of burned bricks, these burned bricks being placed around the dried bricks usually eight inches in thickness. This wall of burned bricks is then vdaubed over with a mixtureof clay and loam of the consistency of soft mud, the hand being used to smear over the burned bricks with a layer of proper thickness which thus fills the interstices between the bricks and adheres thereto. These operations have involved long and expensive handwork, the burned bricks being .usually brought .upon wheel y by hand while thelsmearing` above `men tioned is'likewisea slow,tedious operation requiring that a scaolding be built all around the kiln, while the clay mixture made up and handled in segregated small quantities by the workmen by hand is of uneven, uncertain consistency and often not.

properly applied.

My inventionprovides a method Aand sys'- tem for dispensing withtliis expensive and diiicult manipulation and operation and e11- ables the incasing wall of dry, porous, burned bricks to be set in place in relatively large units by a mechanical" setter, while the 'daubing or smearing over of .this dry,

burned-brick wall is e'ected mechanically, whereby these voperations are very greatly accelerated. To this end, the clay mixture is thinned considerably more than would be usual or practicable for handv ap lication, being brought to a substantially fluid -consistency. so that it is capable of iowing and l Abeing projected through a nozzle, by a. pumping pressure imparted thereto, in a continu- 1 ous stream or spray. I have discovered that .this application of the daub mixture in this thinxflowable condition is possible for the reason that the wall to which it is to be applied, being of thoroughly dried, burned V Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed February 9, 1911. Serial No. 607,651. t

Patented J an. 16, 1912.

that its' spreading and adhering power is increased and the smear coat thus formed clings more firmly to the wall than is the case when the mixture is put on relatively thick by hand application. Further, as ap plied by hand, air is apt to be entrapped and water globules, segregated, which tends to leave pores in the smear coat and impairs its usefulness. My improved method also makes it possible to apply the smear coat to the wall when hot even more advantageously than when cool, for the reason that the ex'- cess water in this case is not only absorbed in the pores of the bricks but also largely evaporated.

The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein a preferred embodiment is fully disclosed.

Referrlng to the drawings; Figure l, is a 'broken away side elevation showing a portion of the incasing wall of a brick stack and illustrating the process of daubmg the same in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2, 1s

an enlarged side view of one of the assembled units of bricks forming the incasing wall; Fig'. 3, is a like enlarged View of modi- -ied units used for the base course of the wall; and Figs. 4, 5, are end views -'of the units shown in Figs. 2 and 3 respectively.

The stack of drled bricks 1 arranged 1n hacked relation for burning has an incasing wall 2 ofburned bricks built around it, this wall being then coated with a layer of clay and loam daubl 3. In building this wall the burned bricks are assembled in vunits consisting of a large number of bricks in a suitable form, the bricks being arranged in overlapping .relation so that they are mutually bound together' as shownin Fig. 2, and the form being preferably constructed so that the ends of the unit have overhanging lor notched portions as shown at 4, 5 to linterlit with similarly notched or irregular ends of adjacentv units as seen at 6. The purpose of this construction is to effect a tying together of the units so far as possible'and to prevent I machine, which is to set them in place in thek wall. When the units are in place in the wall these finger spaces' may be filled in by additional bricks. The bottom tier ofiunits 9 for the wallmay be assembled similarly to the other units, but in Fig. 8 'I have shown one of these bottom units formed so that it can be readily re-arrangedto leave fire holes '10 at intervals, In this unit'as shown finger spaces 8 are left in like manner `as above ex plained'. The bricks 11, 12 about adjacent alternate ones 8 of these spaces are arranged so as to be readily removable to make a relatively large opening in connection with the further holes 13 which may be left in the unit to form fire holes as customary in the side of the brick kiln; thesesurplus bricks 1`1, 12 thus removed may be used to fill in the other finger spaces 8. This construction applies to the sides of the kiln; the ends of the kiln are built up in the same general manner except there, the arrangement for forming the re holes is omitted. In carrying out my process to do away 'with the slow and expensive method of hand daubing I preferably prepare the clay for smearing in a blunger ,at some convenient point near the kiln shed, 'where the clay may e mixed with loam and thoroughly blunged to bring it to about the consistency of slip.

This clay wash or batter islthen applied to the surface of the burned brick wall mechanically and for this purpose I prefer to use compressed air or asuitable sllp pump which will project this material or force it in a stream so that it can be directed against theouter surface of the kiln walls in a much more thorough and expeditious manner than has been possible by hand. lBy this foreibleI mechanical projection of the fiuid or semi-fiuid batter, it is obvious that it Acan be driven into all' the interstices between the bricks and the cracks therein much more ef'- fectively than would' be Vpossible by the hand application thereof which could only, at best, superficially and imperfectly fill such interstlces, and thus the smear coat is not only more quickly and easily, but also more securely and reliably applied to the walling. Furtherthe batter or Wash can'be applied to the k1ln 1n `this 'manner quite as readily when the kiln 1s hot as otherwise, which is often an important consideration for the saving 0f time. Any ordinary spray or nozzle, shown for example at 14, connected to a hose is allthat is requiredto properly make.n

the application to the sides of the kiln. The

clay batter thusl rejected fills in any small j spaces that may e left between the units by inexact intertting'thereof as they are laid in place, as wellA asint0 the cracks betweenthe bricks of each unit and'this facilitates adhesion of the daub or smear to the wall,

hand method of application. j

Itis to be understood that my improved process of`mechanically applying the smear coat of clayl mixture to the wall while enterj ing into combination as above set forth with the novel method of forming the wall in limited in itsl scope to use in this relation but' is likewisev advantageous and valuable for daubing. or smearing walls of brickA kilns, however they may have been formed.

and at the same time seals jthe wall more ef- Vffectually than ordinarily results frein the units deposited by a mechanical setter, is not,

consists in walling up a stack of green bricks with a wall of burned, dry, porous bricks, and mechanically projecting a daubing mixture to form a smear coat thereon in a rela- A tively thin condition so that it is capable of flowing and being forced in a stream or spray againstsaid wall, whereby the 'excess and substantial smear of-.watenin said mixture is at once absorbedl as it strikes the` wall, so that a continuous? 2. The herein described meth0d, w'l 1ich consists in incasing a stack of green `brickslf 'with a w'all 4of bulfled,-drygporousxbrickg and mechanically projecting ac relatively thin clay mixture in a spray onstream against said 4wall in such adireetion and manner that itais forced into the interstices of the wall and vevenly spread thereover, the

3. The herein described -metlod, which consists in reducing a wall-daubing clayy mixture to a relatively thin conditionvso as to be capable ofA projection in a-stream or spl'iyy, and mechanically forcing thesame j f against an incasing wall of burnedQdr-y,

porous bricks, whereby said bricksV takenpthe excesswater in said mixture so thatia substantial,-continuous smear coat is formed over said wall.

4. The herein describedv method, consists in'reducing 'a daubing mixture to. a, relatively thin condition capable of being projected in a stream or spray/,and forcing the same mechanically asa nozzle stream s over the different portions of a kiln wall 'of burned,

dry, porous bricks, whereby'svaidl 13G- as a nozzle stream over the different portions of a kiln Wall of burned, dry'porous bricks, whereby said bricks absorb the excess of Water and said mixture adheres to the Wall in a relatively thick, continuous coating. l A

i 6. The herein described method, which consistsin providing a fluid daubing' mixture capable ofbeing projected in a stream or spray, Walling up a stack of green bricks' with a Wall of burned dry bricks placed on top of each other'in a suiiiciently loose arrangement to leave the interstices capable -of receiving and retaining said daubing mixture, and -then mechanically flowing under pressure said daubing mixture against said Wall in the form of a nozzle stream directed substantially in line with said interstices and approximately perpendicular to said Wall with sufficient forceY to Weld the mixture onto the face of the Wall and clench portions thereof between the bric-ks by the forcible packing thereof into the interstices under the pressure blast.

7. The method" of Walling a kiln which consists in assembling burned bricks in units and with an arrangement capable of receiving vand retaining a semi-Huid daubing mixture, transferring said units bodily to build up the Wall and mechanically applylng a daubing mixture in -a condition capable of flowing to fill the interstices in,

the Wall s o lformed and coat thereon. j

8. The method of walling a kiln which consists in assembling burned bricks in units and .with an arrangement capable'of receiving and 'retaining a semi-fluid daubing mixproduce a smearture withnotched or overhanging ends,

transferring said units bodily and interfitting With same to build t-he Wall and applying mechanically a clay mixture in a condition capable' of owing to fill the interstices in the Wall so formed and produce a smear coat thereon.y

9. The method of' walling a kiln which consists in assembling burned bricks as units and with an arrangement capable of receiving and retaining a semi-Huid daubing 'mixture ina forml with notched ends, transferring said units bodily and interfitting the same to form a Wall about a green brickstack, reducing a clay and loam mixture to a fiuid consistency and in' projecting' the same mechanically upon said Wall to fill the interstices therein, and form a coating thereon.

10.` Ina method of Walling a brick kiln the stepsv which consist inarranging burnedA i bricks int-o units in a form'in overlapping relation and of a width adapted tothe thickness of a,kilnincasing wall, and transferring units bodily and fitting the sameto form successive Wall .portions around a green brick stack. A

1l. In a method of Walling brick. kilns the steps which -consist in arranging =burned bricks into units in-a form in overlapping relation and of a Width adapted to the thickness of a kiln-'incasing wall, the several units having correspondingly notched or irregular edges, transferring said units bodily and interfitting the same to form successive portions of the Wall around a green brick stack. A12. The method of walling a brick kiln' which consists of arranging burned bricks into units With successive layers in'overlapping -relation, in transferring said units bodily and fitting t-he same together to form being provided at the bottom to receive' lifter fingers, transferring said units into position in the Walland forcing a smear .coat over the Wall so produced to enter the interstices between the bricks and between the units. y i

14. The method of `Walling a brick kiln which consists in arranging burned bricks in units with successive layers overlapping to tie the .units together, the bottom layer lextending transversely edgeWise and provided With openings to receive the ngers of a mechanical lifter, transferring said units bodily and fitting the same to form 'successive portions o-f a Walling about a green brick stack, and smearing over the Wall so formed with adaubing mixture.

l5. The method of Walling a brick kiln Which consists in arranging burned bricks in units with the bot-tom layer set edgewise transversely and having apertures at intervals, and the layers thereabove laid in overlapping relation, transferring such unl-ts bodily and fitting the same together to form successive portions of a Walling about a green brick stack.

-" 16. The method-of Walling a brick kiln which consists in arranging burned bricks in unitswith the bottom layer set to form spaced apart transverseopenings and the 4bricks in the layersthereabove overlapping .to tie the units together,'the ends .of dlflerent layers projecting different dlstances to produce a notched or irregular contour, transferring such units bodily and lnteriitting such irregular edges tov form a continu- 'v ous Walling of burned bricks about a green 'brick stack.

17. The method of walling a brick'kiln which' consists in arranging burned bricks, -into units with the bricks in success-ive llayers overlapping to tie the units'ftogethen 'the units so formed and fitting the same together to form the base portion of a Walling about a green brick stack.

18. The method of walling va brick kiln which consists in arrangingburnedbricks in units of a series of layers with bricks of successive. layers overlapping, thebottom ayer being provided with spaced apart holes for -receiving lifting fingers and -a layer farther up being provided with holes over said fin erholes, the bricks between such holes belng placed so as to be readily removable to form fireV holes, transferring the units so formed to constitute the base of a walling, and in building up thereoverby name to this specication, ltvvo subscribing wltnesses.

:the successive deposit of other units, a Wallof burned bricks about a green brick stack.

' 19. The method of walling a brickkiln which .consists in 'arranging burned bricks into units witha bottoni layer of bricks pro vided with spacedy apart holes to receive Alifter ngers, and a layerfarther up 'proa vided With other holes in vertical Jalinenient with said first named holes, thev intervening bricks being placed so as to be readily ref movable'to vform fire holes, transferring' the units so formed bodily to produce the base v portion of a Walling, fitting-thereover other ,brick units to complete a walling of burned` bricks about a green stack, and forcing a daubing mixture'against the wall so formed',

to` enter the interstices between bricks and;V j between units and produce a smear coat.;

thereon.

In testimony whereof, I have sig-ned'Inyfiv RAYMOND o. PENFIELD.

Witnessesl y 1- S. H. SMART,

C: P. MERTENS.

inthe presence of 1 

